and Lippa, R.: 1990, Behavioral change in earthquake preparedness due to negative threat appeals: A test of protection motivation theory, J. and Lippa, R.: 1985, Geopsychology: Fear appeals and earthquake preparedness, paper presented at the annual meeting of APA, Los Angeles. S.: 1987, The use of negative threat appeals to investigate behavioral change and earthquake preparedness: A person-event perception approach, Second Year Project, Psychology Department, University of Southern California. Mulilis, J-P.: 1985, Geopsychology: Earthquake expectancy, earthquake preparedness, and the behavioral effects of fear appeals, Masters thesis, California State University, Fullerton. and Hansen, W.: 1980, A case-control study of hypertensive women in a post disaster community: Wyoming Valley, PA, J. The Whittier Narrows, California earthquake of Octoearly results of isoseismal studies and damage surveys, Earthquake Spectra 4(1), 1–10. A.: 1971, The Psychology of Commitment, Academic Press, New York. and Horton, R.: 1978, Coping behavior of elderly flood victims, Gerontologist 18(6), 541–546. E.: 1986, Human System Responses to Disaster, Springer-Verlag, New York. J.: 1951, Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests, Psychometrike 16, 297–334.ĭrabek, T. A.: 1988, Earthquakes present hazards in United States, Emergency Management Quarterly 3 + 4, 1–2.Ĭronbach, L. Declines in perceived difficulty for the between subjects study were more erratic, and were only approximately 1/3 of that for the repeated measures group at the end of 2 1/2 months.īandura, A.: 1977, A Social Learning Theory, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.īandura, A.: 1986, Social Foundations of Thought and Action, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.īell, B.D.: 1978, Disaster impact and response: Overcoming the thousand natural shocks, Gerontologist 18(6), 531–540.īolt, B. Level of perceived difficulty continued to decline over the 2 1/2 month study period. Subjects in the repeated measures study also perceived earthquake preparedness as a significantly less difficult task following the earthquake. ![]() ![]() This increase in preparedness was maintained for subjects in the repeated measure study but gradually declined to pre-earthquake levels for subjects in the between subjects study. ![]() Results indicated an initial increase in earthquake preparedness which was significant for subjects in the repeated measures group and which approached significance for subjects in the between groups. In a second case, this information was collected at different points in time following the earthquake from different groups of subjects (the between groups study). In one case, levels of preparedness of a single group were measured at approximately 2 week intervals (the repeated measures study). These data were then compared with similar information collected over a 2 1/2 month period following the earthquake from randomly selected samples of subjects that had participated in the original survey. A multi-act scale for measuring the earthquake preparedness of individuals and small businesses was developed and used to assess the earthquake preparedness and the perceived difficulty of becoming prepared for earthquakes of 291 University of Southern California undergraduate students approximately 3 weeks prior to the 5.9 magnitude Whittier Narrows earthquake on 1 October 1987.
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